Solid line = floor (spellings that unambiguously belong to the group). Shaded band up to the dashed edge = ceiling (the most it could reach if every ambiguous spelling counted here).
Madison has been easing down from its peak but is still widely used. All-time it's been given to 492,990 U.S. babies, the 89th most common name by sound today, peaking at 24,742 in 2001, with 6,890 in 2025.
By sound, Madison also includes the spellings Maddison, Madisyn, Madyson, Madisen, Madysen, Madisson.