Solid line = floor (spellings that unambiguously belong to the group). Shaded band up to the dashed edge = ceiling (the most it could reach if every ambiguous spelling counted here).
Cooper has been climbing in recent years. All-time it's been given to 130,876 U.S. babies, the 87th most common name by sound today, at an all-time high of 7,899 in 2025.
By sound, Cooper also includes the spellings Kooper.